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雅思写作如何采取中间立场立论
首先我们得明确什么是“中间立场”，所谓中间立场立论就是指对于argument类型的文章的正反两方观点都进行彻底地、充分地论述，并给出自己的观点。而不是像一边倒策略中只对自己倾向的一方观点进行相对多地、犀利地论述。其次，“采取中间立场”对于不同的题型又意味着需要采取不同策略。本文只通过“是否同意型”题目进行中间立场立论方法的论述。
即：Do you agree or disagree?/ To what extent do you agree or disagree?
比起其他两种题目类型(双方观点讨论型、优劣讨论型)，这种题目更像是写在纸上的辩论。与真正辩论不同，采取中间立场对于烤鸭来说意味着要同时扮演正方和反方，提出观点并加以证明。题干陈述一个有争议的话题，然后要求烤鸭选择自己的立场(正、反、中立)。采取中间立场意味着对正方和反方观点分别进行充分的论述。在这种题型中，正方观点段落在陈述了其观点之后，反方观点段落则对正方进行反驳或瓦解其合理性。成功的立论在于烤鸭们是否能够站在正反两方主张的立场上构思出合理并且有逻辑的观点和支持句。以下我们详细讲述如何在“是否同意型”题目中建立正反方观点的技巧。
一. 正方观点的建立方法
大家在平时练习写作的时候可以练习使用这些方法以便在考试的时候可以快速想出有说服力的论点。
方法：分析
分析的过程是生成idea的过程，需要大家把脑洞打开，尽情发挥你们的想象力和逻辑思维。 那么如何才能生成足够具有逻辑的ideas(论点)来支撑你的观点呢?这里所有的技巧都在于focus在一个很简单的问题“why?”上。这个问题能够作为思维的催化剂来提示我们更好的建立论点来支撑一个主张。在这个过程中，你可以从“深度”和“广度”两个方面来具体操作。
1. 深度
深度的方面来看，首先需要对正方的一个主张提出一个观点，然后对这个观点提问“why?”，对于这个问题的回答就是你对这个观点的支持;随后继续对上一个回答提问“why?”，进而得到更深程度的支持，不断的提问自己“why”然后进行回答，直到你认为你对why的回答已经达到足够接近于一个普通的、被广为接受的、相对正确的陈述，这个陈述我个人叫它“基本陈述”。举个Task 2 的例子：
Professional workers like doctors, nurses and teachers make a greater contribution to society and so should be paid more than sports and entertainment personalities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
拿到题目首先选择正方立场并立论，即：对社会有贡献的专业人士应该比娱乐明星获得更多的报酬。(Experts like doctors, nurses, engineer who contribute tremendously to the society should be paid more than super stars who contribute less to the society.)
接着不断提问“why?”来产生以下思路：
思路想好了之后就开始从最后一点(广为接受的观点)即“基本陈述”开始反方向陈述，得到的观点段看起来应该是这样的:
The quality of life serves as a guarantee of entertainment. If a person suffers a serious illness and there are no good doctors to treat him well, he will not be in the mood to enjoy an excellent football match. (加入细节例子进行支持)As a result, the standard of living is far more important than the value of entertainment. Social experts like doctors and teachers devote themselves to elevate the quality of life in the society. For example, teachers teach students well so that they can they can have a bright future. Consequently, they deserve much more payment than superstars and athletes.
2. 广度
或者，从广度的方面去思考原因也可以达到生成ideas的效果。与深度的方式不同，广度的思维是要提问“why else?”。即对于一个主张提问还有什么原因能够支持此主张下的观点。例如：还有哪些原因可以支持“社会专家应该得到比娱乐明星更多的工资?”“因为社会专家们对社会有着很大的经济贡献，而体育明星相对较少”(why else?)“因为社会专家提升了环境质量，使我们生活呼吸新鲜的空气”(why else?)“因为给社会专家更多金钱上的鼓励可以解决他们的后顾之忧，从而能使他们更好的贡献社会使人类进步”(why else?).... 很多烤鸭们由于自身知识面的不足或者由于考场紧张的缘故，思考不出"why else?"的答案。以下这个表格就给出了任何涉及argument类型题目时可供思考的领域，这些领域作为烤鸭们探索思路的起点，可以对思路和论点提供很多质料。| 思考角度 | 思考内容 |
| Cultural | 关于身份认同感 |
| Economic | 关于金钱 |
| Educational | 关于教育 |
| Environmental | 关于环境 |
| Legal | 关于社会法则所规定的义务和权力 |
| Moral | 关于道德标准 |
| Rights | 关于权力的运用 |
| Security | 关于（国家、个人）安全 |
| Welfare | 关于公共健康和幸福感 |
从广度的方面思考论点之后的正方论点段落应该是这样的
First, unlike entertainment figures, social experts contribute the society by increasing the economy such as those financial professionals in Wall Street but what superstars do is barely keeping audience amused without contributing to GDP substantially. Besides, environmentally speaking, social experts identify environmental problems and provide solutions to them, which made them the main contributors of a better society with healthy conditions. Finally, paying more to elites instead of entertainment figures is a pragmatic approach to increase the utility of social elites because it could ease their financial burdens so that they could better concentrate on their works.
二. 反方观点的建立方法
反方观点段的内容主要是对正方观点的反驳，主要在于对正方观点形式和内容上的批判和怀疑，以至于使正方观点的弱点和不合理之处浮出水面。当然，也不必对正方主张的每一个观点都进行批判和反驳，只是针对那些逻辑上错误明显的观点。
方法：运用“可接受性”
“可接受性”是我们主要用来反驳正方观点的武器，当然除了这种方法，还有很多，由于篇幅原因，此篇文章只列出此种。所谓“可接受性”是指：批判和怀疑正方观点的论据是否是合理的，而并非去批判和怀疑正方的观点(或主张)。例如，烤鸭们大可不必去论证“我们给社会精英的回报不应当超过体育、娱乐明星”。而是去批判或怀疑(之前正方观点提到的论据)“生活质量是娱乐的保证”。通过瓦解此论点的合理性，会使整个建立在正方论据的观点都有所动摇，从而起到反驳的作用。
如何利用“可接受性”，有两种方式
1. 证明正方论据不充足
这种方法主要用来说明正方观点对“why?”的回答不够充分，通常对正方观点的“基本陈述”进行反驳。例如：正方观点的“基本陈述”是“生活质量是娱乐的保证，如果生活质量不好，娱乐就无从谈起。”(the quality of life serve as a guarantee of entertainment.)。所以对这句话最好的反驳就是：“Everyone has the individual's right/autonomy/freedom of choice to enjoy himself even if under the bad conditions.”(任何人对于娱乐都有选择自由，即使一个人的生活质量很差)。这句话主要是对正方论点“生活质量是娱乐的保证，如果生活质量不好，娱乐就无从谈起。”的绝对性发起的质疑，从而瓦解了这句话的合理性。
2. 证明正方论据不正确
这种方式的原理在于怀疑正方论据的正确性，大多数情况下这种正确性指因果关系的合理与否。正方主张认为A导致B，反方则试图说明A不能、不一定或者一定不会导致B。例如：之前正方的观点认为：“因为这些社会精英对社会的贡献更有价值，使人们的生活水平有所提高。”这句话的因果关系在于A (因为有这些人的贡献)导致B(人们的生活水平有所提高)。所以只要破坏这句话的因果关系就起到了反驳的效果。所以反方观点可以论述：Better standard of living means people own both of prosperity of material and a good mood. Unfortunately, social experts can only contribute their knowledge in increasing the physical success in our society like the rise of GDP. Consequently, by their effort only, our quality of life cannot be improved. (这句话则破坏了正方观点的因果关系，即因为只有社会精英的贡献是不足以导致人们生活水平的提高，还得依靠体育、娱乐明星的力量) To make people happy, the value of entertaining celebrities cannot be underestimated.
所以，使用以上方法，反方观点段落看起来应该是这样：
To some degree, social elites elevate the quality of life, which is more important thing to consider. But people have freedom of choices to enjoy themselves even if they are under a bad condition. To some people, the value of entertainment greatly outweighs that of the material satisfaction. Besides, better standard of living means people own both of prosperity of material and a good mood. Unfortunately, social experts can only contribute their knowledge in increasing the physical success in our society like the rise of GDP. Consequently, by their effort only, our quality of life cannot be improved. To make our lives better, the value of entertaining celebrities cannot be underestimated.
整篇文章的正反方段落组合在一起应该是这样的：
The quality of life serves as a guarantee of entertainment. If a person suffers a serious illness and there are no good doctors to treat him well, he will not be in the mood to enjoy an excellent football match. As a result, the standard of living is far more important than the value of entertainment. Social experts like doctors and teachers devote themselves to elevate the quality of life in the society. For example, teachers teach students well so that they can they can have a bright future. As a result, they deserve much more payment than superstars and athletes.
To some degree, social elites elevate the quality of life, which is more important thing to consider. But people have freedom of choices to enjoy themselves even if they are under a bad condition. To some people, the value of entertainment greatly outweighs that of the material satisfaction. Besides, better standard of living means people own both of prosperity of material and a good mood. Unfortunately, social experts can only contribute their knowledge in increasing the physical success in our society like the rise of GDP. Consequently, by their effort only, our quality of life cannot be improved. To make our lives better, the value of entertaining celebrity cannot be underestimated.
通过使用上述几种技巧和方法写出的正反方段落更具有逻辑性，很多人会认为使用这种复杂的思维逻辑方法会使整个task 2构思过程变得繁琐。其实，只要在考试前熟练运用这些技巧进行练习，烤鸭们会发现有逻辑的论点很容易构思。从而在考场上做到从容面对中立型agree or disagree题目的立论。这也正是coherence这个评分标准要求烤鸭们达到的。
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